Today
we will be discussing a communication model, which moved beyond basic
transmission models, focused on the significance of the codes and social
contexts. Yes, you guessed it right !!!! It’s Jakobson’s
model of verbal communication.
As we
all learn about communication that the exchange of ideas, information, etc.
between two or more persons. In the process of communication from a speaker or sender, a message is transmitted, for whom
this message is made or require called receiver.
Some authors and sociologist gives their
opinion about it as follows:
The
process that occurs when ideas, information and feelings are conveyed between
individuals or groups of individuals for deliberate
purposes. (Buguley)
A
process of transmitting and receiving verbal or non-verbal messages that produces a response (Murphy and
Hildebrandt)
In the
Communication Process Source/sender
is who initiates the message and, Message
is the information transmitted in to verbal and non-verbal way
Channel is medium through which
messages reach the receiver, and Receiver
is whom the message is targeted /addressed.
Some of
the major factors which influence the communication are:
The
person’s perception about the environment and
The
cultural context of the interaction;
The
person’s definition of acceptable space and distance, or personal space;
And
the degree of time available for the communication.
All these
above mentioned factors affect the process of communication, along with other
factors which includes “Mode of Communication”
Modes
of communication, those affect communication are
Verbal
Non-verbal.
Verbal
communication: In the verbal
communication messages sent through words/language/vocal .
Non-verbal
communication: The messages sent through body language gesture postures facial
expression etc.
Roman
Jakobson’s model based on the verbal communication, that
is why it also Jakobson’s model of
verbal communication.
In 1950
Roman Jakobson who was the Russian
linguist, produce theory “concerning the
purposes of the language used in human communication”.
This
model of communication functions consists of two steps –
Elements of language use
{factors of verbal communication}
What people do with the
language when they use it {functions of verbal communication}.
Jackobson language function
Jakobson,
advocated that, there are six elements, or factors in an act of verbal communication:
A
context
An
addresser
An
addressee
A
contact between an addresser and addressee
A
common code.
And
A
message.
He
always think and discuss about that; what happen when language focuses on
certain element {like sender, receiver, channel.etc}in the communication
process ,in that situation we have to practically focus on that.
Examples-
I’m seriously sorry to disturb you, but would
you please lower your tone of voice. (Emotive
/ expressive function àfocus on the sender)
Will
you ready for it! (Conative / directive
function à focus on the receiver)
It
was a terribly hot day; the air was burning; one could hardly breathe even near
the tree. (Informative / referential function
à focus on the content)
It
was a beautiful spring day; the air was like velvet; the air in the garden was blissful.
(Poetic function à focus on the message)
Nice
music! (Phatic function à focus on the
contact/channel)
Model for textual analysis
Informative /referential function:
In
this function we focuses on the content like explanation definition description
etc
Expressive / emotive function:
In
this function we focuses on sender’s attitude on the topic like positive, negative sentimental etc.
Similarly
sender’s attitude towards receiver like equal, authority, personal, slidiatory
etc.
It’s
all reflects the choices of words or sentences or the structure they use.
Directive / Conative function:
In
this function we focuses on the receiver by the two ways
Explicit- like
order, request, demand, warning, advice etc.
Implicit-
through expressive means changing people’s mind
Phatic function:
In
this function we focuses on the channel or medium that used between the sender
and receiver fot developing communication processes. It’s reflected the use of
pronoun, rhetorical expressions etc.
Poetic function:
In
this function as shown in the name we focuses on poetic forms of the message
like imaginary formats. Metaphors, simile, assonance etc.
Metalingual function:
In
this function we always focuses on the language own means on their codes like
how language turned back or how language use about language itself, like their
terminology of linguistic, or adjective, pronoun, sentences etc.
Conclusion:
Jakobson
argued, that each of six factors outlined in his model, determines a diverse linguistic function. The
model strongly claims that, the messages and meanings cannot be isolated from
contextual factors.
Work
Cited:
Chandler, D. (2014, March 7).
Semiotics for Beginners. Retrieved October 15, 2016, from. http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem08c.html
Fiske, J. (1990). Introduction to
Communication Studies (Second Edition ed.). New York: Routledge.
Jakobson, R. (1960) ‘Closing
statement: linguistics and poetics’ in Sebeok.
Jakobson, R. and Halle, M. (1956)
The Fundamentals of Language, The Hague: Mouton.
Roman Jakobson (2016). . In
Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Jakobson
